In recent developments, the South Korean Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) has approved the “Electronic Warfare Aircraft Project Promotion Basic Strategy” along with three other major initiatives. The proposals indicate that South Korea aims to commence the project by 2024 and finalize the research and development by 2032.
Since its inception, South Korean defense industries have marked a journey from nonexistence to notable achievements. However, the shadows of American influence on these developments are undeniable. The evident downgrade of the KF-21 aircraft from fifth to a fourth-and-a-half generation fighter sheds light on South Korea’s reliance on imported core technologies, often subjecting them to external whims.
The creation of advanced electronic warfare aircraft stands as a comprehensive evaluation of a nation’s aerospace prowess. Any shortcomings, be it in design, technical validation, material use, electronic systems, or even instrumentation, could jeopardize the entire venture. Given South Korea’s extensive dependence on foreign expertise, realizing such an aircraft remains challenging.
Modern warfare sees adversaries employ various info-centric weaponry on the battlefield. The electromagnetic signals emitted by these systems create a dense, complex, and dynamic environment. Mastery over this electromagnetic space—ensuring a convergence of multi-domain signals and multi-dimensional force—secures battlefield initiative. This warfare paradigm was glimpsed in the 1960s during the Vietnam War, marking the inception of the electronic warfare era. Countries like Russia, France, the UK, and Germany soon joined this electronic warfare “club.”
However, South Korea’s journey in this domain remains blank. Their endeavors to indigenously develop electronic warfare aircraft feel akin to building a skyscraper on sandy ground—a monumental challenge for Korean researchers. These experts have studied electronic warfare aircraft developed over the past five decades, observing a variety in the family—from larger crafts like the Tu-154MD and Falcon 20 to smaller ones like the EA-18G and F-16CJ.
Despite foundational weaknesses, South Korea has made an audacious decision: a dual-path approach to the project. While one path suggests retrofitting jetliners, paralleling the US’s EC-37B “Compass Call” model, the other revolves around evolving electronic attack planes based on the KF-21 jet. However, the latter proposal still awaits the Defense Ministry’s nod.
Though the progression seems relentless, the journey is marred with uncertainties. Long-term reliance on the US and leaning on geopolitical relations for tech support can lead to external constraints, jeopardizing South Korea’s autonomy.
Historically, South Korea expressed its ambition for electronic warfare capabilities. An official, during a 2019 visit to the US, showcased interest in procuring specific avionic systems, emphasizing their intent. The US’s refusal underlined an age-old belief: national interests often eclipse alliances.
Should South Korea successfully develop electronic warfare planes, it would inadvertently reduce the US’s dominance over Korean military forces—a scenario the US seeks to avoid. Additionally, South Korea’s potential breakthrough might challenge the US’s monopoly in exporting such crafts to allies.
Historical instances, such as the KF-21’s unfortunate downgrade and the myriad challenges faced in electronic warfare aircraft development, underscore the intricate dynamics between South Korea and the US.
To achieve genuine autonomy in defense capabilities, South Korea confronts a series of shackles, with many being American-influenced.
Translated from an article by PLA Daily.